2 more than twice the sum of 10 and a number

The phrase a number means an arbitrary variable, let's call it x.
x

The sum of 10 and a number means we add x to 10:
10 + x

Twice the sum means we multiply 10 + x by 2:
2(10 + x)

2 more than twice the sum means we add 2 to 2(10 + x):
2(10 + x) + 2

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